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橙汁事务所艾欧泽亚分部

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计算机网络综合实验

实验内容

  1. 按照以下组网图把设备连接好(注意,R1的S1/0是DCE端,要在接口下用clock rate 64000来配置时钟频率);
  2. 按照拓扑图修改设备名,所有设备关闭域名解析,关闭自动退出。(考点-IOS基本操作)
  3. PC1和PC2属于192.168.1.0网段,这个部门有20人,PC3和PC4属于192.168.2.0网段,这个部门有40人。请选择正确的子网掩码,要求最少浪费IP地址(考点–子网划分)
  4. 三台交换之间封装trunk(考点–trunk)
  5. SW1,SW2,SW3属于同VTP域,域名ccna,其中SW1为server,SW2,SW3是客户端。SW1上建立VLAN10和VLAN20,SW2和SW3能够从SW1上学习到VLAN信息(考点–VTP)
  6. 将SW2上的F0/5和F0/6划进VLAN10,SW3上的F0/5和F0/6划进VLAN20.(考点–VLAN)
  7. 将SW2设为vlan10、vlan20的根桥。注意在两个vlan里都要设置(考点–STP)
  8. 在R1上配置单臂路由,注意SW1的F0/1封装trunk。(考点–单臂路由)
  9. R1是公司内部路由,R2是边界,R1、R2运行RIP版本2协议,使公司内全通。(考点–RIP)
  10. 在R2上配置VTY,密码111,特权密码222,允许别人telnet。配置标准的ACL,应用到VTY接口下,使得只有PC1能够telnet R2(考点–telnet,ACL)
  11. 在R2上配置NAT,使192.168.1.0和192.168.2.0这两段内网地址在访问外网时全部转换为R2的S1/1接口地址。在R2上指一条0.0.0.0的默认路由,出接口S1/1(考点–NAT,静态路由)

实验过程

image-20201123085107282

计算子网

考虑到”PC1和PC2属于192.168.1.0网段,这个部门有20人,PC3和PC4属于192.168.2.0网段,这个部门有40人。请选择正确的子网掩码,要求最少浪费IP地址”

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20 = 0b10100
40 = 0b101000

因此子网掩码的位数分别为32-5 = 27位, 0b11100000 = 22432-6=26位, 0b11000000 = 192.

子网掩码可以分别设置为255.255.255.224255.255.255.192.

配置truck

接下来在交换机的端口配置trunk.
以sw1为例

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Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

配置vtp

SW1,SW2,SW3属于同VTP域,域名ccna,其中SW1为server,SW2,SW3是客户端。SW1上建立VLAN10和VLAN20,SW2和SW3能够从SW1上学习到VLAN信息

在SW1上:

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Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#vtp server
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
Switch(vlan)#vtp domain ccna
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to ccna
Switch(vlan)#vlan 10 name VLAN10
VLAN 10 modified:
Name: VLAN10
Switch(vlan)#vlan 20 name VLAN20
VLAN 20 modified:
Name: VLAN20

在sw2和sw3上:

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Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#vtp client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
Switch(vlan)#vtp domain ccna
Domain name already set to ccna.

划分端口VLAN

将SW2上的F0/3和F0/4划进VLAN10,SW3上的F0/3和F0/4划进VLAN20

设置根桥

将SW2设为vlan10、vlan20的根桥。注意在两个vlan里都要设置

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Switch(config)#spanning-tree vlan 10 root primary
Switch(config)#spanning-tree vlan 20 root primary

单臂路由

在R1上配置单臂路由,注意SW1的F0/1封装trunk

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Router(config)#int f0/1.1
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#int f0/1.2
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#exit

encapsulation dot1Q 10语句中最后的10是VLAN号, 不要弄错了

配置rip协议

R1是公司内部路由,R2是边界,R1、R2运行RIP版本2协议,使公司内全通

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Router>en
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 172.16.12.0
Router(config-router)#end

在PC1上测试:

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C:\>ping 172.16.12.2

Pinging 172.16.12.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 172.16.12.2: bytes=32 time=8ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.12.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.12.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254
Reply from 172.16.12.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 172.16.12.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 17ms, Average = 6ms

配置Telnet和ACL

在R2上配置VTY,密码111,特权密码222,允许别人telnet。配置标准的ACL,应用到VTY接口下,使得只有PC1能够telnet R2

先配置R2上的登陆环境:

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Router(config)#enable secret 222
Router(config)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#password 111
Router(config-line)#login

配置完毕后在R1上测试:

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Router#telnet 172.16.12.2
Trying 172.16.12.2 ...Open


User Access Verification

Password:
Router>en
Password:
Router#exit

[Connection to 172.16.12.2 closed by foreign host]

再配置ACL:

在R2上:

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Router(config)#access-list 101 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 172.16.12.2 eq telnet
Router(config)#access-list 101 deny tcp any host 172.16.12.2 eq telnet
Router(config)#access-list 101 permit ip any any
Router(config)#int fa 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip access-group 101 in

配置完成后测试:

在R1上:

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Router#telnet 172.16.12.2
Trying 172.16.12.2 ...
% Connection timed out; remote host not responding

在PC1上:

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C:\>telnet 172.16.12.2
Trying 172.16.12.2 ...Open


User Access Verification

Password:
Router>en
Password:
Router#

符合预期

配置NAT

在R2上配置NAT,使192.168.1.0和192.168.2.0这两段内网地址在访问外网时全部转换为R2的Fa0/0接口地址。在R2上指一条0.0.0.0的默认路由,出接口Fa0/0

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Router(config)#interface fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Router(config-if)#int fa0/1
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#access-list 10 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#ip nat pool ippool 176.16.23.4 176.16.23.255 netmask 255.255.255.0
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 10 pool ippool

添加静态路由

在R3上:

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Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.23.2

测试:

在PC1上ping r3, 然后查看R2的nat translation:

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C:\>ping 172.16.23.3

Pinging 172.16.23.3 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 172.16.23.3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 172.16.23.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=253
Reply from 172.16.23.3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 172.16.23.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=253

Ping statistics for 172.16.23.3:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
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Router#show ip nat translations 
Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
icmp 176.16.23.5:89 192.168.1.2:89 172.16.23.3:89 172.16.23.3:89
icmp 176.16.23.5:90 192.168.1.2:90 172.16.23.3:90 172.16.23.3:90
icmp 176.16.23.5:91 192.168.1.2:91 172.16.23.3:91 172.16.23.3:91
icmp 176.16.23.5:92 192.168.1.2:92 172.16.23.3:92 172.16.23.3:92